sample: Bones 1

The neck of the horse has about this many bones:

To send one pound of supplies to the ISS costs about: 

Algorithms code for increasing size of every bone as the animal or person grows. The DNA also provides for increasing sizes of different areas of each bone as more stresses are encountered!

Thick lumbar vertebrae are critical for your neck’s support when you jump!

You can see clumps of DNA with a light microscope but you cannot see the individual rungs of DNA.  (Think!)

How many nerves are in your spinal cord?  (These nerves are protected inside the bone of the vertebrae because they run through the bone.)

The body of the vertebrae is the round, solid part of the vertebrae. These “bodies” provides a cushion for each vertebrae disc as well as give extra strength for your backbone. (See pictures below of the vertebrae discs if you cannot figure this out).

What animal has a skull that looks like the skull below?

The pores in the skull below make it lighter so the animal doesn’t have such a heavy skull. These are called sinuses.

The skeleton below is of:

These wide, flat “boxes” are solar panels for the Apollo Moon Lander.

One of the blue-throated hummingbird’s migrations includes an astonishing 500-mile trek across the Gulf of Mexico. Its bones and the fat on its body are precisely weighed to the hundredth of a gram.

A real problem with being in Space for any extended period of time is that your bones begin to shrink in width because of the lack of stress on them. Because of this, astronauts visiting the ISS exercise almost every day.

We have 7 neck vertebrae. Giraffes have long necks but only have twice as many vertebrae as we do.

These bones are the cervical vertebrae of the neck.

We completely understand how bones are formed in the womb of a pregnant woman.

How many bones are in an adult persons’s body?

The boney part of the vertebrae which stick out toward the back are called spinous processes.

These woven white bands are called discs. They cushion the pounding of each vertebrae against its neighbors.

Your backbone, your spine, has 25 discs.

The Nucleus Pulposus (below) is filled with different types of protein. Some are the highly negatively charged protein, aggrecan. This helps the Nucleus Pulposus’ “bag” to swell with water like an airbag in a car fills with air. This helps the discs to cushion the shock of day-by-day pounding of your vertebrae on each other.

Individual vertebrae curve inward on the sides to give them extra strength.

Back injuries are caused because the human backbone is poorly designed.

You can re-injure your back as you sleep because your brain often flips you over as you sleep if you sleep on your side. This is because you cut off full circulation on the side you are laying on.

Exercising daily helps you feel better because it releases endorphins, brings clear thinking, far better health, and pleasant fitness.

What is this?

The hole in each of these vertebrae is for the blood supply going to the whale’s head.

A whale’s spinal cord may have as many as 100 billion nerves.

The whale’s ribs are called floating ribs because they do not connect to a bone on the underside.

The pink parts of this diagram are cartilage that connect the ribs to the clavicle.

We have 4 floating ribs.

This (below) is the car piece of the turtle.

The spinal cord of the turtle is fused to its carapace just as ours is.

This fine beastly-looking skull is the skull of a river otter.

Look carefully at the eye bones of the creature above. Each one is made of several bones that have grown together.

Eye bones are called orbital bones.

Owls can turn their necks a whopping 7/8ths of the way around. (Ask for help if you need it to answer this one.)

The nerves to the brain of people go from the neck on the outside of the skull. They then tunnel into the skull (ask for help if you need it).

Owls have a way of pooling their blood that is going to their brain. They also have extra-wide bone-holes that the blood vessels going to their skull go through. Both of these “devices” make it so an owl doesn’t kill itself when it turns its head around.

In humans, the vertebral artery really hugs the hollow cavities in the neck. But this is not the case in owls.

We have two general types of bones: compact bone (cortical bone) and trabecular bone (springy bone). The bone below is compact bone. (Read further on if you have trouble with this question.)

Blood is made in the spaces between the trabecular bone network.

This is the feemore bone of a sauropod. (Do you think that the bone in this picture is real? Why or why not?)

Fingernails and hair are completely dead. There is nothing at all living in them. Bone is different. Much of it is lifeless proteins and minerals, but tucked inside this are living cells.

The head of the femur bone of the leg is trabecular bone. The head of the femur bone goes into the pelvis hip ball socket at 90º.

This is a picture of the caves where the Dead Sea Scrolls were found.

The bones around the human ear are cortical compact bone.

The cochlea of the ear is shaped like 3 bent tubes in the shapes if inside down U’s. This cochlea of the ear is enclosed in a bone cave.

The orbital bone around the eye has some compact bone on its edges.

The orbital bone of the human eye fits around the eye very tightly.

Write 5 facts and applicable messages about the devotional sections in this Super Digging-Deeper.