GD: Bones 4

The crystal that makes bone hard is a pentagon-shaped crystal called hydroaxle-appetite

The chemical formula for the bone crystal is Ca5(PO4)3(OH). It has more than twice as much of the wild metal phosphorous as there is calcium.

Phosphate, PO4, is critically important in fertilizers and is also part of the backbone that makes the outside of the double-helix spiral of DNA. In addition, phosphate is a critical component of the bone crystal.

Phosphorus is used for smoke bombs in the military because it emits so much smoke. It’s been also used in grenades and in bombs. Phosphorus was a tremendous help in the invasion of the allies at Normandy and in the march across France to Germany and Greece because it could be used to take out tanks.

Osteon logs lie perpendicular to the length of the bone they are in. An osteon is about the size of an upper eyelash.

Lamellae rings in the osteons grow in concentric circles. There can be 20 or more of these rings in each osteon.

To make compact bone, parallel collagen molecules are put into place by the osteoblasts. These look a little like train tracks. The spacing between the molecules is an incredibly tiny distance of 40 nm! The bone crystal is just 3 times larger than a glucose molecule which is 1 nm.

The 3 nm bone crystal that is laid down in the collagen matrix in bone is regulated in size by citrate which is put over 1/6th of the crystal.

The genetic code of people contains roughly 30,000 protein-coding regions. This is seemingly a very small number of genes for what the DNA puts together in our bodies. The complete code had to be small enough to tuck inside a cell or there would be no life. The DNA code that builds amazing horses is the same. It must fit into a cell or there would be no horses!

Our DNA builds 500,000 miles of blood vessels as well as the same amount for nerves. And the code to do this is on the human DNA strand.

Our teeth have the same crystal, hydroxyapatite, as our bones do. But our teeth have more collagen proteins. Therefore they are harder and less flexible.

Dentin is the harder part to the tooth. It is the outer coating of every tooth.

Teeth have blood vessels and nerves running into a “cave” in the inside of the tooth. The tooth itself is imbedded into a jaw which has trabecular bone.

Which have greater beauty in their smiles? A chimp or a person. Think hard! If you miss this one you are in bad shape!

If DNA wasn’t damaged, our bones could last for a million years because they are continually being remade.

Within a few hours after a bone is broken, phagocitoes begin to clean bone fragments and kill bacteria.

The word phagocyte means “cells that eat” in Hebrew.

In a broken bone, a soft callus made mostly of cellulose is created around the fracture by another special group of cells called chondroblasts.

Special cells–the osteoclasts–mold the new bone to its original shape. Bone remodeling can take anywhere from 3 to 9 years to complete!

Woven bone is produced when osteoblasts produce “bone” rapidly. This woven bone is later replaced by much stronger compact bone.

Bone with lamellae is highly organized in concentric rings. The even the fibers of collagen are arranged in a way to make the bone stronger.

Laying down collagen fibers correctly in bone is no speedy job. This time-consuming process slows the formation of compact bone to about 200 microns per day.

The osteoclasts secrete vesicles (bags) which break. The broken bags act as the places for calcium and phosphate to be deposited. The crystals gradually grow into place.

The living imprisoned cells in bone are the:

Osteocytes can “read” chemical messages and piezo-electric fields.

There are billions of living imprisoned cells your bones.

Without the buried osteocytes reading bone-generated electrical fields correctly, people’s bones would break down years before they turned 20 years old. Feats like what this gymnast is doing would be impossible.

Your femur bone makes an astonishing 65º angle into your pelvis.

The femur bone has a head of solid compact bone.

The thigh bones fit nicely into the pelvis with ball joints like your elbow has. This ball joint allows the leg to swing around in circles.(Research if you need to.)

Without the 45º head of your femur, your legs would rub each other constantly.

The DNA code builds astonishing ligaments that hold your hips together with great strength!

Spongy bone, trabecular bone and compact bone are the same mesh-type bone.

Your hips are called your pelvis.

There are more than five ligaments holding your femur to your pelvis.

The angles of the tendons and ligaments and their thicknesses and their structure–whether wide or thin–is all engineered by the DNA. So are all the muscle and tendon structures of the body and all the angles that muscles hook to bone.

There is a ligament inside the hip ball joint holding the femur in place.

The knee cap has a muscle attaching to it from the top and bottom. (Refer to the picture below)

The muscles for the fingers are in the forearm. (Refer to the picture above.)

Everyone has a 6-pack of abdominal muscles. Whether or not you see them is dependent upon how built up they are and how much fat is under the skin.. (Refer to the picture above. Think!)

There are 3 muscles holding the head on the upper torso of the body.(Refer to the picture above.)

There are multiple white ligaments wrapping the top of the ankle to help make the ankle more solid. The achilles tendon moves from the heel to mid-calf where it fans out.

Muscles from your shoulder move down your back and widen to attach the back muscles to a long spot going down from the top to the middle of your back. Other muscles go from the shoulder area in the back from under other muscles. These fan out and attach even lower to the middle of your back. (See picture below and one in article.)

There are at least 6 muscles pulling on your smile from each side of your mouth.

There are muscles that go around your eyes…one major one goes around the top of the eye and 15 major ones go around the bottom.

There are muscles from the bottom of your chin up to below your lips that you can tighten and make your chin a little hard. (Look at the picture and try it!) There are also two muscles that go from the bottom of your nose around your mouth and attach under your chin.

Where are the leg muscles of a horse?

What are the white “strings “ in the lower calf of the legs of the horse?

Just under the eye there is a muscle that looks round in this picture. This is the muscle that squeezes the jaw together. There are also muscles that stretch from the horse’s ears to its mouth.

The little muscles that are barely visible below the ear and above it are to orient and twitch the ear, like horses do when they try to get rid of flies. There are also several tendons going from the mouth area to further up on the snout.

List 5 summaries of the devotional parts in this article and give a different personal application to each.